Fluctuating asymmetry in the sagittal otoliths of Atherina boyeri from the Hirfanlı Dam Lake (Kırşehir, Türkiye)

Derya BOSTANCI, Serdar YEDİER, Seda KONTAŞ YALÇINKAYA, Gülşah KURUCU, Nazmi POLAT

Abstract

Fish may face stress due to many different pollutants in their habitats. They may express this negative situation they experience with fluctuating asymmetry(FA) as a developmental disorder. In particular, high levels of asymmetry may affect the activities of fish and even cause serious problems in their lives. In the present study, fluctuating asymmetry levels of the otoliths of the Atherina boyeri distributed in Hirfanlı Dam Lake were investigated. A total of 100 fish samples were evaluated within the scope of the study, and these fish individuals were divided into six total length groups, taking into account the sample size. The left and right sagittal otoliths of fish individuals in each length group were removed. Otolith characters such as area, length, perimeter, and width were measured. The FA values of these four otolith characters of the A. boyeri were calculated separately for both population-based and total-length groups. Additionally, the relationship between FA values and total length groups was investigated. It was determined that there was no statistical difference between the left and right sagittal otolith measurements of A. boyeri individuals (P>0.05). In these four otolith characteristics, the highest FA level was calculated in the otolith width, and the lowest FA level was calculated in the otolith perimeter. It was determined that the FA values in the otolith characters differed between the total length groups. The highest FA value was calculated in the otolith area in total length group I, while the lowest FA value was calculated in the otolith perimeter in total length group IV. For A. boyeri individuals, the percentage of asymmetrical individuals was calculated to be highest in otolith area and otolith perimeter (100%), and lowest in otolith width (83%). Additionally, there are individuals with asymmetrical features in all total length groups. It was determined that there was no significant relationship between the FA values of otolith in the A. boyeri and the total length groups. The results of this study show that the population of A. boyeri in Hirfanlı Dam Lake could be under environmental stress.

Keywords

Fluctuating asymmetry; Atherina boyeri; Invasive species; Environmental stress

Full Text:

PDF

References

Abdulsamad, S. M. S., Jawad, L. A., Al-Nusear, A. N. B., Waryani, B. & Rutkayova, J. (2020). Asymmetry in the otolith length and width of three sparid fish species collected from Iraqi waters. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 156, 111177. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2020.111177

Afshan, S., Ali, S., Ameen, U. S., Farid, M., Bharwana, F. H., Hannann, F. & Ahmad, R. (2014). Effect of different heavy metal pollution on fish. Research Journal of Chemical and Environmental Sciences, 2, 74–79.

Alados, C. L., Escos, J. M. & Emlen, J. M. (1993). Developmental instability as an indicator of natural stress on the Pacific Hake (Merlussius productus). Fishery Bulletin, 91(4), 587–593.

Allenbach, D. M. (2011). Fluctuating asymmetry and exogenous stress in fishes: a review. Reviews in Fish Biology and Fisheries, 21, 355–376. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11160-010-9178-2

Al-Mamry, J. M., Jawad, L. A. & Ambuali, A. (2011). Fluctuating asymmetry in the otolith length and width of adult Indian mackerel Rastrelliger kanagurta (Cuvier, 1817) collected from Muscat waters at the Sea of Oman. Journal of the Black Sea / Mediterranean Environment, 17, 254–259.

Apaydın Yağcı, M., Alp, A., Yağcı, A., Uysal, R. & Yeğen, V. (2018). Feeding ecology and prey selection of sand smelt, Atherina boyeri Risso, 1810 in Eğirdir Lake (southern Anatolia, Turkey). Journal of Applied Ichthyology, 34, 815–824. https://doi.org/10.1111/jai.13676

Bassem, S. M. (2020). Water pollution and aquatic biodiversity. Bioversity International Journal, 4(1), 10-16.

Bostancı, D. & Yedier, S. (2018). Discrimination of invasive fish Atherina boyeri (Pisces: Atherinidae) populations by evaluating the performance of otolith morphometrics in several lentic habitats. Fresenius Environmental Bulletin, 27(6), 4493–4501.

Bostancı, D., Türker, D., Yedier, S., Kontaş, S. & Kurucu G. (2018). Investigating the fluctuating asymmetry in the otolith characters of Mediterranean horse mackerel, Trachurus mediterraneus (Steindachner 1868) inhabiting Edremit Bay, North Aegean Sea. Ordu University Journal of Science and Technology, 8(1), 69–78.

Botsford, L. W., Brumbaugh, D. R., Grimes, C., Kellner, J. B., Largier, J., O’Farrell, M. R., Ralston, S., Soulanille, E. & Wespestad, V. (2009). Connectivity, sustainability, and yield: bridging the gap between conventional fisheries management and marine protected areas. Reviews in Fish Biology and Fisheries, 19, 69–95. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11160-008-9092-z

Çakıroğulları, G.C., Uçar, Y. & Kılıç, D. (2011). PCDD, PCDF and PCB contamination in Atherina boyeri (Risso, 1810) from Turkey. Food Control, 22(1), 67–71. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodcont.2010.05.009

Campana, S. E. & Thorrold, S. R. (2001). Otoliths, increments, and elements: keys to a comprehensive understanding of fish populations? Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 58(1), 30-38. https://doi.org/10.1139/f00-177

Chen, X. (2022). Shoaling and migration of fish and their relationships with environment. In X. Chen, (eds) Theory and method of fisheries forecasting. Springer, Singapore.

Corballis, M. C. (2020). Bilaterally symmetrical: To be or not to be? Symmetry, 12(3), 326. https://doi.org/10.3390/sym12030326

El-Regal, M. A., Jawad, L. A., Mehanna, S. & Ahmad, Y. (2016). Fluctuating asymmetry in the otolith of two parrotfish species, Chlorurus sordidus (Forsskâl, 1775) and Hipposcarus harid (Forsskal,1775) from Hurghada, Red Sea coast of Egypt. International Journal of Marine Science and Engineering, 66, 1–5. https://doi.org/10.5376/ijms.2016.06.0037

Elsdon, T. S. & Gillanders, B. M. (2002). Interactive effects of temperature and salinity on otolith chemistry: Challenges for determining environmental histories of fish. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 59, 1796–1808. https://doi.org/10.1139/f02-154

Fey, D. P. & Hare, J. A. (2008). Fluctuating asymmetry in the otoliths of larval Atlantic menhaden Brevootita tyrannus (Latrobe)- a condition indicator? Journal of Fish Biology, 72(1), 121–130. 10.1111/j.1095-8649.2007.01684.x

Froese, R. & Pauly, D. (2023). FishBase. species list: world wide web electronic publication. www.fishbase.org, Version (10/2023)

Gagliano, M. & McCormick, M. I. (2004). Feeding history influences otolith shape in tropical fish. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 278, 291–296. https://doi.org/10.3354/meps278291

Gagliano, M., Depczynski, M., Simpson, S. D. & Moore, J. A. Y. (2008). Dispersal without errors: symmetrical ears tune into the right frequency for survival. Proceedings of the Royal Society, 275, 527–534. https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2007.1388

Gao, S., Zhang, X., Shu, R., Zhang, S., Lu, J. & Fu, G. (2023). Bilateral fluctuation asymmetry of otoliths of Collichthys lucidus in different functional areas of Haizhou Bay. Journal of Fish Biology, 103(3), 507–515. https://doi.org/10.1111/jfb.15404

Gebremedhin, S., Bruneel, S., Getahun, A., Anteneh, W. & Goethals, P. (2021). Scientific methods to understand fish population dynamics and support sustainable fisheries management. Water, 13(4), 574. https://doi.org/10.3390/w13040574

Gençoğlu, L. & Ekmekçi, F. G. (2016). Growth and reproduction of a marine fish, Atherina boyeri (Risso 1810), in a freshwater ecosystem. Turkish Journal of Zoology, 40(4), 534–542. https://doi.org/10.3906/zoo-1406-42

Gençoğlu, L., Kırankaya, S. G., Ekmekçi, F. G. (2020). Age and growth of marine and translocated freshwater populations of Atherina boyeri Risso, 1810 (Atherinidae) in Turkey. Acta Zoologica Bulgarica, 72(4), 561–570.

Green, B. S., Mapstone, B. D., Carlos, G., Begg, G. A. (2009). Introduction to otoliths and fisheries in the tropics. In B. S. Green, B. D. Mapstone, G. Carlos, G. A. Begg, (eds) Tropical fish otoliths: Information for assessment, management and ecology. Reviews: Methods and Technologies in Fish Biology and Fisheries, Springer, Dordrecht.

Gül, A., Yılmaz, M., Benzer, S. & Taşdemir, L. (2011). Investigation of Zinc, Copper, Lead and Cadmium accumulation in the tissues of Sander lucioperca (L., 1758) living in Hirfanlı Dam Lake, Turkey. Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 87, 264–266. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00128-011-0350-8

Hardersen, S. (2000). The role of behavioural ecology of damselflies in the use of fluctuating asymmetry as a bioindicator of water pollution. Ecological Entomology, 25(1), 45–53. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2311.2000.00204.x

Helling, K., Hausmann, S., Clarke, A. & Scherer, H. (2003). Experimentally induced motion sickness in fish: possible role of the otolith organs. Acta Otorrinolaringologica, 123, 488–492. https://doi.org/10.1080/0036554021000028121

Holló, G. (2017). Demystification of animal symmetry: symmetry is a response to mechanical forces. Biology Direct, 12, 1–18. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13062-017-0182-5

Jawad, L. & Mahé, K. (2022). Fluctuating asymmetry in asteriscii otoliths of common carp (Cyprinus carpio) collected from three localities in Iraqi rivers linked to environmental Factors. Fishes, 7(2), 91. https://doi.org/10.3390/fishes7020091

Jawad, L. A. & Adams, N. J. (2021). Fluctuating asymmetry in the size of the otolith of Engraulis australis (Shaw, 1790) recovered from the food of the Australasian gannet, Morus serrator, Hauraki Gulf, New Zealand. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 168, 112391. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2021.112391

Jawad, L. A. (2012). Fluctuating asymmetry in the otolith dimensions of Lutjanus bengalensis (Lutjanidae) collected from muscat coast on the sea of Oman. Biological Journal of Armenia, 2, 117–121.

Jawad, L. A., Dörtbudak, M. Y., Yalçin, H. & Park, J. M. (2023). Bilateral asymmetry in asterisci otoliths of Cyprinion kais and C. macrostomum (Cypriniformes, Cyprinidae) collected from Tigris River, Şirnak Region, Türkiye. Zoodiversity, 57(5), 411–420. https://doi.org/10.15407/zoo2023.05.411

Jawad, L. A., Sadighzadeh, Z. & Al-Mamary, D. (2012). Fluctuating asymmetry in the otolith length, width and thickness in two pelagic fish species collected from the Persian Gulf near Bandar Abbas. Annales, Series Historia Naturalis, 22, 83–88.

Jawad, L., Gnohossou, P. & Tossou, A. G. (2020). Asimetría bilateral en la masa y el tamaño de otolitos de dos especies de cíclidos capturados en el lago Ahémé y la laguna de Porto Novo (Benín, África Occidental). Anales de Biología, 42, 9–20. https://doi.org/10.6018/analesbio.42.02

Jorgensen, C. & Fiksen, O. (2010). Modelling fishing-induced adaptations and consequences for natural mortality. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 67, 1086–1097. https://doi.org/10.1139/F10-049

Kale, S., Berber, S., Acarlı, D. & Gürkan, Ş. (2023). First knowledge on data poor stock: LWR and condition factor of a recently established population of Atherina boyeri in Atikhisar Reservoir, Türkiye. Turkish Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 23(SI), TRJFAS22503. https://doi.org/10.4194/TRJFAS22503

Karri, R. R., Ravindran, G. & Dehghani, M. H. (2021). Wastewater–sources, toxicity, and their consequences to human health. In Karri, R. R. et al., (eds) Soft Computing Techniques in Solid Waste and Wastewater Management, Elsevier, Netherlands.

Kavurmacı, M., Ekercin, S., Altaş, L. & Kurmaç, Y. (2013). Use of EO-1 advanced land imager (ALI) multispectral image data and real-time field sampling for water quality mapping in the Hirfanlı Dam Lake, Turkey. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 20, 5416–5424. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-013-1553-9

Kontaş, S., Bostancı, D., Yedier, S., Kurucu, G. & Polat, N. (2018). Investigation of fluctuating asymmetry in the four otolith characters of Merlangius merlangus collected from middle Black Sea. Turkish Journal of Maritime and Marine Sciences, 4, 128–138.

Leary, A. & Allendrof, F. W. (1989). Fluctuating asymmetry as an indicator of stress: implications for conservation biology. Trends in Ecology & Evolution, 4(7), 214–217. https://doi.org/10.1016/0169-5347(89)90077-3

Lens, L., Van Dongen, S. & Matthysen, E. (2002). Fluctuating asymmetry as an early warning system in the critically endangered Taita thrush. Conservation Biology, 16, 479–487. https://doi.org/10.1046/J.1523-1739.2002.00516.X

Lychakov, D. V. & Rebane, Y. T. (2005). Fish otolith mass asymmetry: morphometry and influence on acoustic functionality. Hearing Research, 201, 55–69. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heares.2004.08.017

Madhav, S., Ahamad, A., Singh, A. K., Kushawaha, J., Chauhan, J. S., Sharma, S. & Singh, P. (2020). Water Pollutants: Sources and Impact on the Environment and Human Health. In D. Pooja, P. Kumar, P. Singh, & S. Patil, (eds) Sensors in Water Pollutants Monitoring: Role of Material. Advanced Functional Materials and Sensors, Springer, Singapore.

Mahé, K., MacKenzie, K., Ider, D., Massaro, A., Hamed, O., Jurado-Ruzafa, A., Gonçalves, P., Anastasopoulou, A., Jadaud, A., Mytilineou, C., Randon, M., Elleboode, R., Morell, A., Ramdane, Z., Smith, J., Bekaert, K., Amara, R., de Pontual, H. & Ernande, B. (2021). Directional bilateral asymmetry in fish otolith: a potential tool to evaluate stock boundaries? Symmetry, 13(6), 987. https://doi.org/10.3390/sym13060987

Mille, T., Mahé, K., Cachera, M., Villanueva, M. C., de Pontual, H. & Ernande, B. (2016). Diet is correlated with otolith shape in marine fish. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 555, 167–184. https://doi.org/10.3354/meps11784

Mille, T., Mahé, K., Villanueva, M.C., Pontual, H. D. & Ernande, B. (2015). Sagittal otolith morphogenesis asymmetry in marine fishes. Journal of fish biology, 87(3), 646–63. https://doi.org/10.1111/jfb.12746

Miller, J. A. (2011). Effects of water temperature and barium concentration on otolith composition along a salinity gradient: Implications for migratory reconstructions. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology, 405, 42–52. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jembe.2011.05.017

Moller, A. P. & Thornhill, R. (1998). Bilateral symmetry and sexual selection: a meta-analysis. The American Naturalist, 151, 174–192. https://doi.org/10.1086/286110

Newman, S. J., Cappob, M. & Williams, D. M. (2000). Age, growth, mortality rates and corresponding yield estimates using otoliths of the tropical red snappers, Lutjanus erythropterus, L. malabaricus and L. sebae, from the central Great Barrier Reef. Fisheries Research, 48(1), 1–14. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0165-7836(00)00115-6

Parsons, P. A. (1990). Fluctuating asymmetry: An epigenetic measure of stress. Biological Reviews, 65(2), 131–145. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-185X.1990.tb01186.x

Popper, A. N. & Lu, Z. (2000). Structure-function relationships in fish otolith organs. Fisheries Research, 46(1-3), 15–25. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0165-7836(00)00129-6

Reis, İ., Ateş, C. & Jawad, L. (2023). The asymmetry in the sagitta of four mugilid species obtained from Köyceğiz Lagoon, Aegean Sea, Turkey. Journal of Fish Biology, 103(3), 666–674. https://doi.org/10.1111/jfb.15484

Reyes-Calderón, A., Pérez-Uribe, S., Ramos-Delgado, A. G., Ramalingam, S., Oza, G., Parra-Saldívar, R., Ramirez-Mendoza, R. A., Iqbal, H. M. N., Sharma, A. (2022). Analytical and regulatory considerations to mitigate highly hazardous toxins from environmental matrices. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 423(Pt A), 127031. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.127031

Sadighzadeh, Z., Jawad, L. A. & Al-Marzouqi, M. S. (2011). Fluctuating asymmetry in the otolith length, width and thickness of the mugilid fish, Liza klunzingeri (Day, 1888) collected from Persian Gulf near Bandar Abbas. Thalassia Salentina, 33, 95–102. https://doi.org/10.1285/i15910725v33p95

Shang, J., Liu, Z., Yang, H., Wang, C., Zheng, L., Chen, W. & Liu, C. H. (2020). Perceptual advantage of animal facial attractiveness: evidence from b-CFS and binocular rivalry. Frontiers in Psychology, 11, 1670. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.01670

Sponaugle, S. (2010). Otolith microstructure reveals ecological and oceanographic processes important to ecosystem-based management. Environmental Biology of Fishes, 89, 221–238. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10641-010-9676-z

Stundl, J., Bertucci, P. Y., Lauri, A., Arendt, D. & Bronner, M. E. (2021). Evolution of new cell types at the lateral neural border. Current Topics in Developmental Biology, 141, 173–205. https://doi.org/10.1016/bs.ctdb.2020.11.005

Taylor, M. D., Fowler, A. M. & Suthers, I. M. (2020). Insights into fish auditory structure–function relationships from morphological and behavioural ontogeny in a maturing sciaenid. Marine Biology, 167, 21. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00227-019-3619-9

Thornhill, R. & Gangestad, S. W. (1999). The scent of symmetry: A human sex pheromone that signals fitness? Evolution and Human Behavior, 20(3), 175–201. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1090-5138(99)00005-7

Thornhill, R. & Møller, A. (1997). Developmental stability, disease and medicine. Biological Reviews, 72(4), 497–548. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0006323197005082

Toxvaerd, S. (2021). The emergence of the bilateral symmetry in animals: a review and a new hypothesis. Symmetry, 13(2), 261. https://doi.org/10.3390/sym13020261

Valentine, D. W., Soule, M. E. & Samollow, P. (1973). Asymmetry in fishes: a possible statistical indicator of environmental stress. Fishery Bulletin, 71, 357–370.

Van Vallen, L. (1962). A study of fluctuating asymmetry. Evolution, 16(2), 125–142. https://doi.org/10.2307/2406192

Wade, T. J. (2010). The relationships between symmetry and attractiveness and mating relevant decisions and behavior: a review. Symmetry, 2(2), 1081–1098. https://doi.org/10.3390/sym2021081

Wasi, S., Tabrez, S. & Ahmad, M. (2013). Toxicological effects of major environmental pollutants: an overview. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 185, 2585–2593. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-012-2732-8

Yedier, S., Bostancı, D., Kontaş, S., Kurucu, G. & Polat, N. (2018). Fluctuating asymmetry in otolith dimensions of Trachurus mediterraneus collected from the Middle Black Sea. Acta Biologica Turcica, 31, 152–159.

Yedier, S., Bostancı, D., Kontaş, S., Kurucu, G., Apaydın Yağcı, Ö. & Polat, N. (2019). Comparison of otolith morphology of invasive big-scale sand smelt (Atherina boyeri) from natural and artificial lakes in Turkey. Iranian Journal of Fisheries Sciences, 18(4), 635–645. https://doi.org/10.22092/ijfs.2018.116980

Yedier, S., Kontaş, S. & Bostancı, D. (2022). Assessing of fluctuating asymmetry in otolith of the Alburnus spp. from Anatolian lotic and lentic systems. Ege Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 39(1), 32–38. https://doi.org/10.12714/egejfas.39.1.05

Yilmaz, F. (2006). Bioaccumulation of heavy metals in water, sediment, aquatic plants and tissues of Cyprinus carpio from Kizilirmak, Turkey. Fresenius Environmental Bulletin, 15, 360–369.

Zakharov, V. M. (1992). Population phenogenetics: analysis of developmental stability in natural populations. Acta Zoologica Fennici, 191, 7–30.

Zengin, M., Gümüş, A. & Bostancı, D. (2006). Age and growth of the Black Sea turbot, Psetta maxima (Linneaus, 1758) (Pisces: Scophthalmidae), estimated by reading otoliths and by back-calculation. Journal of Applied Ichthyology, 22, 374–381. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0426.2006.00743.x

Zhang, C. & Ye, Z. (2021). Inter-annual otolith growth pattern of adult small yellow croaker in the East China Sea and its response to environmental changes. Environmental Biology of Fishes, 104, 1643–1653. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10641-021-01192-7

Zhang, S., Zhang, X., Gao, S., Shu, R., Fu, G. & Lu, J. (2023). Bilateral asymmetry of otoliths from Collichthys lucidus of different sizes in Haizhou Bay and Xiangshan Bay. Journal of Fish Biology, 102(2), 403–412. https://doi.org/10.1111/jfb.15276

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.